Quick Books Essay

.Rissy Montoya Acct 31 Information Technology (IT) is a foundation for conducting business today. It plays a critical role in increasing productivity of firms and entire nation. It is proven that firms who invested in IT have experienced continued growth in productivity and efficiency. Many companies' survival and even existence without use of IT is unimaginable. IT has become the largest component of capital investment for companies in the United States and many other countries. Accounting/Finance application systems and QuickBooks let you manage your business with a little or no experience.All three application systems allow the users to manage the companies' capital including bookkeeping, inventory, non-inventory & service items, sales orders, purchase orders, and reports. It allows the companies to keep tracking of the financial assets and at the same time have the information the accountant needs. Using the accounting/finance application system, makes it easier to enter and proc ess the data rather than manually enter and process the data.. QuickBooks is an accounting software package which is developed by Intuit, Inc. It was launched in the 90's and since than it is one of the market leaders in accounting software.The software was designed to help the small business owners who had no formal accounting training. Very shortly after the introduction, there was no doubt that the product is going to be a hit. With a deep focus for the non-accountant, and a lower price than the competitor's products, it outsmarted its competitions. Intuit states that the company's mission is to create new ways to manage personal finances and small businesses that are so profound and simple, customers cannot Imagine going back to the old way QuickBooks created an application that is most commonly used accounting product for small businesses QuickBooks ProThe world today is in the computer age. Almost everyone now has a computer or access to a computer. Now that almost everyone kn ows how to use a computer, almost every business has one. Business’s before had to rely on people to do all the accounting by hand, and doing the accounting for a business used to take a lot of man-hours to complete. Business’s slowly moved into letting computers do a lot of the work for them, but they still had people to check on the computers because the applications that they were using would sometimes screw up and cause a lot of confusion or even loss of money.With the latest application QuickBooks Pro 2011, there is little need for any backup measures. This application does everything that the business needs to do, manage your business, track time, do payroll, develop estimates, and much more. QuickBooks Pro 2011 quickly finds the reports you need with the Report Finder, shows you critical information about your business at a glance with Company and Customer Centers, and track Features of QuickBooks that will help the company implement sound internal control polic ies and procedures; Access to accounting records should be limited to designated individuals.Once a transaction has been entered, the ability to change or delete it entirely should be limited to some other individual, preferably an accounting manager. Financial statements should be prepared monthly, with gross profit percentage and expense percentages, so that management can question apparent errors or omissions. The monthly financial statements should be comparative, i. e. show last year’s figures alongside this year’s, preferably with percentages as well as dollar amounts, to make apparent any significant variations in revenue or expense items that should be investigated for possible error or even fraud.Budgets should be prepared, and variances between actual and budgeted figures should be shown on budgetary income statements each month. The deficiencies with this program for internal control starts when you initially set up your accounts, you enter in your beginning account balance amounts (unless you are a brand new company with no activity). The problem is that if you do not input an amount, or input an amount correctly, the difference will go to Opening Balance Equity.If it is not fixed, it will stay there indefinitely. QuickBooks will allow you to enter a transaction for any date that you wish. While this is convenient for purposes of making projections, it can have bad consequences if you go backwards. QuickBooks retains every transaction you enter from the day you started using it. While this is useful to get historical information, on a practical basis, the file sizes can easily get large enough to be unmanageable and slow your computer. Conclucion

Positioning Strategy Essay

By creating product, service, channel, people and image differentiation Nestle arrives the consumer touch point more easily, effectively & efficiently in comparing with other competitors in the highly competitive food processing market. Product Differentiation : Nestle brings a many of product for target customers. They make available 25 types of minerals in Nido for children. It also arranged Cereals’ and Lactogen 1 &3 for newly born baby exclusively. Now the doctors says these products for child’s to their parents for great & maximum nutrition Nescafe is a product which contains 4 types of categories. They offer Nescafe ice for hot and warm weather, They provide Maggi including Maggi instant; Maggi 2 minutes which Includes and contain various minerals, vitamins and nutrition’s. Channel Differentiation : Nestle reach their products to the customers through their experienced market salesman and transportation. So that their products. are much easy to their customers. Image differentiation Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s logo is totally different from others competitors that are greatly choices by its users. For that way customer easily choose them in the market which is another effective benifits for Nestle products. People differentiation The company has a large number of manpower’s that are highly educated and trained. In Singapore, 400 employees are employed in market Company chairman; They are running this business successfully for a long time. Service differentiation Another advantage for this company is better service for its respective users from its competitors. They provide 24Ãâ€"7 hot line service. High quality checking is providing for its customers. Its marketing dept. and public relation dept. are working for finding out customer’s new needs and response toward their nestle products. Positioning Statement Baby Products To babies who are deprived of proper nutrition,Nido,Cerelac,Lactogen are the very nutritious milk Product that provide you more use full nutrition different from any other brand because these includes different types of vitamin, mineral etc. The strength of Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s brands has given the company an unparalleled position on a global basis across a wide range of product categories. Six worldwide corporate brands, Nestlà ©, Nescafà ©, Nestea, Maggi, Buitoni and Friskies contribute about 70% of the group’s total sales, with the Nestlà © brand itself contributing 40%. These brands are the first choice of consumers around the world, whether as stand alone brands or in combination with product brands such as KitKat and LC1. Nestlà © also owns regional and national brands with which consumers have a close and often longstanding familiarity. These brands enable consumers to express their individuality and to respect their traditions whilst still enjoying the quality of a Nestlà © product and, as such, are key elements of the Nestlà © portfolio. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s brands and products are the focus of continual innovation and renovation so that they will be relevant and appealing to today’s and tomorrow’s consumers. As important as ensuring that our brands meet and beat our consumers’ expectations is ensuring that they are available whenever, wherever and however our consumers Milo, Maggi face, and Nescafe are some familiar names that have been around for a really long time in our lives. They are so close to us that in one way  or another, we are dependent on them, thanks to their mother company, Nestle. We grew up with Nestle as part of our lives, and it plays the role of a loyal partner and witness of our story. In 1865, Swiss chemist Henri Nestle took the lead in the invention of a baby food that combines cereal with milk. It started when a friend with a premature baby was brought to Henri Nestle. The baby could not eat because of extreme physical weakness, leading his parents to abandon him. Kindness led Henri Nestle to decide to care for the child, and feed him by developing their own cereal with milk. This gradually helped restore the baby to health. The good news quickly spread in the local community. Some mothers found that the cereal with milk helped solve the problems of their children who do not drink milk. Later, this â€Å"magic† spread all over the world. A very popular, high-quality food that helps children grow up healthy. In 1867, Henri Nestle decided to create a parenting formula company. He branded his products with his name, which actually when translated in English means â€Å"comfortable† and â€Å"snuggle†; Nestle naturally makes people think of a loving mother feeding her baby, a scene that insinuates a better life. Name and Trademark In 1905, the Nestle Baby Formula Company merged with a food company in the United States to develop condensed milk called Nestle Enrich. In 1949 they purchased another Swiss company, thereby changing their name to the Nestle Food Company. In the early 1900s, the company began to diversify production, acquisition and the establishment of the enterprise around the world. Now, Nestle is the world’s largest food manufacturer with more than 500 factories in more than 80 countries around the world. They employ nearly 255,000 R & D personnel in the world. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s global annual sales reach more than $ 47.7 billion, of which approximately 95% comes from food sales; the main products being instant coffee (Nescafe), condensed milk, powdered milk, baby food, cheese, chocolate products, candy, and instant tea. Overall, the name â€Å"Nestle† did not cost much to think about. Henri Nestle used his own name for the brand and trademark; the patterns of which naturally lead people to relate it with healthy and nutritious products. It does not only have a rich connotation, it is also in full compliance with the basic requirements of the trademark positioning. First, Nestle is significant because it is a strong brand name. It leaves a deep impression with people, generating loyalty. Secondly, the name is a general reflection of its company. Everyone knows the brand name Nestle; Henri Nestle established and strengthened the company’s image; their trademarks become the general public’s perception on their products, synonymous with the company’s uniqueness in the world. Furthermore, the Nestle name and trademarks are closely integrated and conceivable. As a result, Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s brand shows strategic positioning. Human Marketing Strategy Positioning highlights the value of your products and the greater benefits it brings to consumers, stressing its superiority over other similar goods. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s milk powder and coffee has the content and quality of the brand, both related to health and nutrition. Coffee to a large number of consumers brings â€Å"comfort† and â€Å"ease†, as their milk products bring the same for infants. The emotional positioning symbolic of their products to consumers is prominent, using it to arouse consumer sympathy, trust, love and other emotional resonance. The brand adapts to the changes in consumer psychology. The Nestle name and trademarks inject emotion, imagery, and establishes a good brand and corporate image. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s success is a natural result of multiple factors. Implementation of marketing strategy is an important factor. As are production, brand, quality control, and the main raw materials used. Administrative rights are basically in charge of the national companies, they have the right to determine each product’s final shape in accordance with national requirements. This means that it is necessary to maintain fully  decentralized operations, but with consistency. In order to achieve this dual purpose, it is important to maintain a delicate balance. This is a balance between international operations and the local country operations, and also the international and local communication. Proper cascading of information is required in order to properly implement new policies. Nestle has three factors that ensure involvement in the presentation of the company’s strategy, brand marketing strategies and product details: 1. LABELLING STANDARDS – A label standardization which is a guiding document consisting of various elements that clarifies rules and standards. An example of which is the specifications of the Nescafe logo, font and color, as well as various details that measure its proportions. This document also lists the various product label legends; it is recommended that each branch or office use these labels as early as possible. 2. PACKAGE DESIGNMANUAL – The packaging design manual provides a guide that allows a more flexible use of their files. It presents a variety of different ways of using their existing standards. For example, in the form of packaging materials and options. 3. BRANDING STRATEGY – Brand strategy includes the Nestle product marketing principles. These features include: brand personality, image expectations, company contacts, the brand, involved visual features of the other two files, and brand development. Corporate Culture and Solidarity Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s decision-makers recognize that economic globalization has led corporate marketing activities and organizational mechanisms to shift the focus of their work. The marketing department of the company is divided into direct operation, and smaller, multiple operations department. Each of the operations department have the independence and flexibility to operate in the market and make timely contingency decisions, but subject to the overall  strategy of the enterprise. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s module portfolio strategy allows each branch to operate independently in the market, giving them the right to take a unique strategy, but with proper coordination with the company headquarters. Nestle employees have always been a key factor in bringing the Nestle spirit to life. It is this spirit that led Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s development from a rural workshop to today’s world leader in food companies. Their staff is Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s most valuable wealth. The excellent performance of the Nestle Group today stems from the strong efforts and loyalty of employees around the world. As a company committed to producing high-quality food, and creating a better life, Nestle is also very concerned about their employees. Nestle has become an employer of choice because of the respectful relationship formed between the managers and employees of Nestle; it is non-discriminating of any ethnicity, race, religion, and gender, with respect for cultural and social diversity. Nestle firmly believes in a combination of local and international talent played to the best of their potential and ability, in order to provide consumers with quality Nestlà © products and brands whenever and wherever.

The Consumption of Alcohol by Aboriginal People Is an Important Social Issue in Modern Australia, and as Such This Essay Will Focus on Exploring It in Relation to Current Literature

Course: Bachelor of Applied Social Science ASSESSMENT DETAILS Unit/Module: Introduction to Contemporary Society Assessment Name: Academic Essay Assessment Number: 1 Term & Year: Term 2, 2011 Word Count: 530 DECLARATION I declare that this assessment is my own work, based on my own personal research/study . I also declare that this assessment, nor parts of it, has not been previously submitted for any other unit/module or course, and that I have not copied in part or whole or otherwise plagiarised the work of another student and/or persons. I have read the ACAP Student Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct Policy and understand its implications. I also declare, if this is a practical skills assessment, that a Client/Interviewee Consent Form has been read and signed by both parties, and where applicable parental consent has been obtained. The consumption of Alcohol by Aboriginal people is an important social issue in modern Australia, and as such this essay will focus on exploring it in relation to current literature. Marxist argues that the health status of individuals exist because of inequalities in society and the broader influences of society need to be addressed (van Krieken et al. , 2006). Environmental factors in the human environment are known as the social determinants of health and could include education, health behaviours, employment, social integration, socioeconomic and income. (Health and Ageing, 2009). According to Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Aboriginals are more disadvantaged compared to non-Indigenous people and socioeconomic factors have been taken into consideration to identify the relationship between alcohol and drug use . Even thou there have been improvements made to a variety of social determinants, statistics still show that Aboriginals have more obstacles to overcome than the non-Indigenous Australians. (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009). To have a better understanding of the alcohol use among Aboriginals, the historical context needs to be taken into account (van Krieken et al. , 2006). The Aboriginals were exposed to alcohol, preceding the ‘First Fleet’ in 1788 where it’s availability increased remarkably after European contact. After the settlers had introduced alcohol as an exchange for sex and labour it soon became obvious that alcohol had a negative effect (Saggers and Gray, 1998). Aboriginals used alcohol as a ‘remedy-all’ for their pain and many of them used it as an agent to cope with the fact that they were being ruled by non-indigenous people. In the late 19th century laws were brought about to restrict Aboriginals from accessing alcohol. The laws did little to reduce the alcohol consumption but instead excluded Aboriginals from important social activities (Saggers and Gray, 1998). Martin and Brady (2004) suggest that out of fear of being captured and rejected, Aboriginals developed patterns of harmful drinking which continues to this day and have a major impact on their health – whilst the non-Indigenous Australians profited from the sale (Department of Health and Ageing, 2009) A history of social determinants such as social exclusion, a legal framework supporting the removal of children from families, removal from country and racism have influenced the health status of Aboriginals. It was believed that during the colonisation period, Aboriginals were a dying race and a protection policy was implemented. They lost their independence due to this policy which forced them to give up where they lived and how they lived (van Krieken et al. , 2006). After the World War II, a new policy was introduced where Aboriginals were to become one (assimilated) and recognised as part of the Australian population. This included removal of children from their families – which had a disastrous ramifications on Aboriginals way of life and family (van Krieken et al. 2006). In conclusion, we can see that the influence of social factors have had a big impact on the way Aboriginals consume alcohol. As a result the activities and behaviours of Aboriginals need to be seen in it’s historical context and improvements need to be made for the inadequate living arrangement and social state that is being experience by many Aboriginals. References Australian Bureau of Statistics (2 009) National Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander social survey, 2008. Retrieved from http://www. abs. gov. au/ausstats/[email  protected] nsf/mf/4714. 0? OpenDocument Martin D, Brady M (2004) Human rights, drinking rights? : alcohol policy and Indigenous Australians. Lancet; 364(9441), 1282-3 Department of Health and Ageing. (2009, April 20). Men’s Health Policy Information Paper Executive Summary. Retrieved from www. health. gov. au/internet/main/publishing. nsf/ Content/mhipExecSum-09-mhipExecSum-09-ch2 van Krieken, R. , Habibis, D. , Smith, P. Hutchins, B. , Martin, G. & Maton, K. (2006). Sociology (3rd Ed. ). Sydney, Australia: Pearson Education Saggers S, Gray D (1998) Dealing with alcohol: Indigenous usage in Australia, New Zealand and Canada. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press ———————– In order to ensure your assessment is correctly identified, the information and declaration below must be copied and pasted on to the title page of each written assessment. You must enter your own details prior to submission.

Common stock evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Common stock evaluation - Essay Example Stock valuation also enables potential investors gauge the performance and value of stock in the securities market. Establishing the worth of shares helps one make informed investment decision. The managers use this valuation in the analysis of the worth of their business. This information is also useful to creditors in gauging the credit worthiness of a company before advancing credit (Hoover, 2005). This method values the share price by use of forecasted dividends and discounting them. When the figure obtained from the DDM is higher to value of shares presently trading then the stock is considered undervalued (Hoover, 2005). The anticipated earnings price (E/P) ratio is the measure of the firm’s cost of equity. A stock calculated on the zero-growth model can vary in value when the capitalization rate varies as it viewed risk changes (Hoover, 2005). The constant-growth method is essential in valuing stock of stable companies with dividends rising steadily over time. This model estimates an intrinsic stock value stock using the average dividend growth and forecasting it to dividend rises. The denominator remains the same when the rate of capitalization and dividend growth remains unchanged yearly. The stock’s basic value rises per annum by the proportion of the rise in dividend. Both the share price and the dividend amount will rise by the steady -growth factor, g. The model considers only the quantitative and not the qualitative values. Future changes are ignored in calculations.  This model is unfavorable for firms and market with quick changing dividend

Delivery of Effective E-Government Services. The case of Oman Coursework

Delivery of Effective E-Government Services. The case of Oman - Coursework Example E-government and m-government services have popularized especially in the third world countries as a means of pacing up with the developed world. Various research studies have explored how the government and the people of Sultanate of Oman have embraced e-government services. Besides, they have underscored success stories in the implementation of e-government and m-government services. While, existing literature has delved into policy, plans, strategic measures, legal constructs, utility and quality of information technology, little has been done to monitor and evaluate internalization and ownership of the process and additionally use of m-government services. However, the lack or adequacy of the services lies in how the citizenry and government responds to the challenges associated with delivering e-government services. This topic will be crucial in unraveling the challenges facing implementation of e-government services in the sultanate of Oman find the challenges we are facing including some elements of m-Government and come up with a plan to have fully integrated end to end e-government services. The study uniquely, with gather data and compare with the baseline conditions to obtain current uptake of these services by the people of Oman. The possibility of the project gathering data from urbane youth who are very receptive to technology has a counter effect on data as this bias affects validity. The data collection instruments should be adjusted to involve people of all ages and works of life. Breakdown of tasks   Item Description Purpose Delivery of Effective E-Government Systems. The case of Oman Scope of work Goal, objective and deliverable attainment, effective e-government delivery methods, involving project teams, work breakdown, utility of $45,000 in 22 months starting 30 June 2012. Work Formulation and decisions of mode of delivery Duration 22 months Deliverables Data , delivery modes and tests by Jan 2014 Standards ISO 9001,9004 Acceptance criteria Effectiveness, diffusion, Levels monitoring , Functionality, budget, and timelines Payment schedule Every fortnight Project deliverables   Deliverable 1: Delivery requirements listing It requires precise selection mode and a more data reliability methods which to apply. Data is usually inadequate at the beginning and quite unreliable, therefore specification project scope needs to be defined and listed according to: i. Client needs ii. Inventory data gathered iii. Respondent’s data accessibility, validity of security credentials, and correspondence iv. Workload data accessibility v. Compliance of information with delivery feasibility criteria The phase involving scope definition has a list of delivery channels being the main deliverables. This will be

Why am I here, in this Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why am I here, in this Class - Essay Example My mother is a great woman who sacrificed a lot for her family and her children. She did not receive many good opportunities in her life and hence she could not complete her high school years. Despite of her efforts, my other siblings could not make it to college. My mother’s efforts and her desire to see her children achieve a good educational stand fuelled the passion in me to attend college. The inability of my siblings to attend college further pushed me to strive harder to achieve a good academic stand and pursue my future education in the best possible way so that I could have a great career. I am here in this English class to avail the most of my opportunity to attend college and to gain the most from the knowledge imparted by my teachers. The importance and significance of English language on the global scale cannot be denied. English is an international language that is used almost universally in most of the countries of the world. It is a means of communication globa lly used by people from different places and regions to interact with each other. It is the official language of the most important internationally recognized organizations across the world. Furthermore, the best universities across the globe also impart education in English and thus it is important to have a good stand in English language. This language serves to be useful in all aspects of an individual’s life. It is important for acquiring higher level education and it is also essential in other key sectors which include business, travel and medicine. I believe that English is a language which is important not only during the educational years of an individual but it is also a language which is of extreme importance in the professional field of a person if he wishes to become a part of an internationally accredited organization. My purpose to attend this class stands clear as I wish to have a good command over English Language so that my writing, reading as well as communi cating skills in English improves. I wish to give my undivided attention towards understanding the important grammatical aspects of English so that not only does my written English get better but my fluency and speaking power also advances. Furthermore, this class is of utmost importance because a good command over English will assist me in understanding the other subjects taught in college. This is because English is the language which is used for teaching the other subjects as well. I wish to enhance my vocabulary and grammatical skills through proper learning of English. This learning will also prove to be beneficial for me in the long run as it will be of assistance to me in my future education in university as well. It will help me in understanding my course subjects. English is a language which is a medium of communication and thus my learning would provide for improving my interactive skills and boast my self-confidence as I would easily be able to collaborate and interact wi th my colleagues, friends and teachers. English will be of help to me in my professional career as well as it will provide me with an opportunity to appear confidently in interviews in good organizations. I will be able to collaborate and interact with my employers as well as coworkers in a fluent manner. I have had a difficult life but I managed to make my way through to college by facing all the hurdles that came my way. I made my mother as well as my siblings proud by reaching to a level where they wished to see me. I will work hard to make the most out of my educational years so that I can achieve success and prove myself in the academic as well as professional field. My presence in this English class is a step towards the accomplishment of my goals in my education.

Law School Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law School - Personal Statement Example This story of my past has always been the inspiration for my future, and the farther I look backward, the farther forward I am able to see and to proceed. Therefore, it is optimistic vision of life and the ability to look forward that helped me reach a higher status in life, and, today, I own a million dollar business and investments. In spite of my low beginnings, I have always persisted with the goal to become an attorney in life and have been successful to the date as I have completed my B.S. (Criminal Justice) in May 2008 from Virginia University. My unwavering aspiration for the career of an attorney has guided me here and I am definite about the way ahead to the attainment of my ultimate goal and success in life. I strongly believe that my person has been the creation of my past, and whatever I have grown to become or will ever reach to attain in my life is the result of my pat experiences.

Explain How Advertising may be used as Barrier to Entry of New firms Coursework

Explain How Advertising may be used as Barrier to Entry of New firms Into an Industry - Coursework Example Now both these definitions focus on how advertising is seen as a significant metaphor for marketing a product or service which holds importance within the realms of an organization (Starbuck, 2010:49). This paper discusses how advertising has been used as a barrier towards entry of new firms within an industry which can even span another country or region for that matter. The need is to understand how different sorts of advertising exist within the world of marketing. These could be comprised under the product advertising, service level advertising, consumer advertising, business to business (or trade) advertising, digital advertising, experiential advertising and a number of other tenets that are given significance. Essentially speaking, all forms of advertising look to address where the customer is headed and how to draw his attention which shall eventually make a sale if he feels interested (Molho, 1994:66). Advertising allows him to feel interested, get away from the competing products or services that stand in the way of this product or service which is being advertised, and so on. Advertising can be used for a number of reasons and when the need is to act as a barrier to entry of new firms within an industry, its objective becomes different. This is because advertising aims to make a sale but if the end goal is to disallow others to come forward and avoid their sales process, then perhaps this form of marketing communication is playing a somewhat distinctive role in entirety (Zottola & Parr, 2014). Advertising has changed its shape and form with the passage of time. Now the big players are doing their utmost to forbid others from entering their respective line of business. Bigger brands are doing it all the time (Tremblay, 2001:145). They are enacting strategies that shall make this happen in one way or the other. However, what must be comprehended here is the reason as to why advertising is being used as a barrier to entry and

Guess who's coming for dinner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Guess who's coming for dinner - Essay Example This was a historic ruling since before this time interracial marriages were outlawed in sixteen States. Notably, the film also brings out the generational divide linking parents of the couple, both from different races. The interracial couple comprises Dr John Prentice, an African American doctor and Joanna Drayton, the daughter of two liberal parents- the father being a newspaper publisher and the mother a small art gallery owner. The couple met in Hawaii while Joanna was on holiday and John was attending a medical convention. Set in the home of the Draytons, the film unravels in this setting, as John is invited for dinner by Joanna, and later his parents show up. Considering themselves liberal, the Draytons are plagued with the predicament of approving their daughter’s marriage to a black man when John informs them he would cancel the engagement if they do not approve it. Parents from both sides acknowledge the stigma that would come upon their children if they choose to ma rry; however, when John’s parents arrive, a Joanna’s and John’s mother come to an understanding and approves the marriage. In this instance, the fathers are still adamant on the impracticality of such a union. The film reaches its climax when Matt Drayton, Joanna’s father, announces his approval since love surpasses all. The film takes a dramatic turn when Matilda Banks, fondly known as Tillie opposes greatly the marriage of Joanna and John. Tillie has been the house-help of the Draytons for over 20 years, having raised Joanna and therefore feels inclined to express her fear over her marriage to a black man despite the fact that she is black too. Throughout the film, fear and prejudice are the two things that ail society, including even the most liberal of people- the Draytons. This is because they are afraid the world will shun their daughter for her choice of marriage partner. Moreover, Tillie is prejudiced towards white people as she feels they say one thing out in the open but act in a different manner when they are in closed quarters. Furthermore, she understands the stereotype of black people’s inferiority by stating that John was getting ahead of himself by not only being a brilliant doctor, but also falling in love with a white woman. However, John defends his father his decision to marry Joanna, amid all the prejudices, he states that his father had to transport mail for such long distances in order to support him, as it is his responsibility as the person that brought him to earth. John declares that if he were to get a son, he would have the same responsibility. This depiction implies that a parent’s role lies fundamentally in upbringing and support; however, it does not afford the parent the right to dictate the child’s decisions. This is why John unwaveringly states he owes his father nothing and his decision will not be faltered. This is hypocritical as he is willing to cancel the engagement if Joa nna’s father disapproves but he will not do the same if his father disapproves. Stanley Kramer, the producer of the film, received accolade for the film as it addressed a vital topic in society relating to the segregation between blacks and whites that had long persisted in America. The film was a revolutionary as it confronted racism from a societal point of view this is because

Motor Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Motor Industry - Essay Example The government is trying to reduce people's reliance on cars and get them to use the public transport network, which may well be good news for buses. Unfortunately they appear to be using the stick and stick approach to getting people out of their cars. Consumer confidence in the new car market is currently in a downturn. This is due to a number of factors. Firstly, rising interest rates mean that the cost of car ownership is increasing (due to the increasing cost of loans needed to pay for owning me a new car). Also the rise in interest rates means that there is less income available for spending on a new car. There is also a lot of consumer uncertainty in the costs of fuel. Taxation is also playing a part; taxation rules now view company cars as a benefit to the employee rather than its necessity of doing the job. And as such taxation rules regarding them are tightening sharply it is no longer much of a benefit to have a company car - although they can be considered a status symbol. A higher proportion of households now have more than one vehicle and this has led to a number of interesting effects. There are a growing number of women in the workplace, and as such or ownership amongst women is going up. In addition as households have more than one vehicle, those vehicles are becoming differentiated. ... A household may well a people carrier or large vehicle for family use and a smaller or sportier car for personal use. T - Technological - How new and emerging technology affects our business There are two main technological challenges to the modern motor industry. Firstly there is a change to the way people buy cars. Due to the internet people are able to research their choices more thoroughly. For example, J.D Power and Associates studied nearly 30,000 car buyers in 2002 to discover that more than half the buyers look at the internet before making a buying decision about a car. Additionally nearly 90% of car buyers visit the car manufacturer's website to get a better idea about the look and feel of the car. Therefore, the use of technology in this area is an essential requirement for car manufactures of today (Baki et. al., 2004). And secondly a quotation from the introduction to the Automotive Electronics show: "What sort of car will you be driving in ten years time The most significant difference will be the use of electronics to make cars safer, smarter, less polluting and more enjoyable to drive. Tomorrow's road vehicles will have significant in-car processing power to lighten the driver workload and will be able to communicate with the road infrastructure receiving advance warning of congestion or other hazards. The possibilities appear endless and limited only by our imagination. The two major drivers will be to reduce road accidents and pollution as car ownership rises in the decades to come." L - Legal - How local, national and world legislation affects us The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders did a survey in 2006. Nearly 90% of respondents said that legislation had

None Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

None - Essay Example However, at the end of his life, he was forced to live; he decided to leave a written record of his life so that someday his family might know about his hidden appreciation of relations (Mauriac, 1933). This paper will attempt to integrate the Lewis’s theories of love with the story named Vipers’ Tangle and focus on finding out the application of these theories at various stages of the story. Lewis identified two important forms of love people experience during their life span. These are Gift and Need Loves (Lewis, 1960); respectively, the first form of love drives an individual to work in order to provide a safe future to his or her family, and the second one compels a person to share his or her worries with the close ones. However, these two loves should keep moving parallel to each other and co-exist in harmony because if an individual shows only need-based love, this will make the family consider him or her as apathetic and unwilling to struggle for his familyâ€⠄¢s better future. On the other hand, if a person keeps on earning millions while devoting virtually no time to his or her family, the family will consider a person greedy, mean and indifferent. The relation between Louis and his son Hubert took a series of interesting turns during Louis’s life. ... At the same time, Louis unsuccessfully tried to give Need Love to his son, but it was too late. Nevertheless, Hubert and Louis’s tendency to care for each other could not play a significant role in bridging the gap between them. So these men lived apart due to their ego, which hindered both of them from accepting their mistakes of the past (Mauriac, 1933). In the light of this story, it is important to appreciate the supportive role of family in the time of difficulty because warmth of family is an effective stress lifter. However, Louis lived away from love of his family and had to face a great deal of stress while fulfilling his professional obligations (Rupert et al., 2012). As a result, his life satisfaction dropped significantly, which made him become agitated. Due to these reasons, his loneliness grew intense in the last years of his life. In Lewis’s view, Louis kept demonstrating Gift Love towards his family members during the all his life, which resulted in his painful loneliness. However, Louis attempted to show his Need Love for his family, but it proved ineffective. In general, both characters had some changes in the kinds of love that they showed; each one of them started with either Need Love or Gift Love and ended up with the other. At first, Louis only showed Gift Love to Hubert, and this is why he was considered as mean, for he was not close to his family. However, after he had become old, Hubert was compelled to provide for him, which is a change from Need Love to Gift Love, whereas Louis, even though it was too late, started giving his son Need Love as he could no longer offer Gift Love. Conclusion Vipers Tangle’s theme is that humans are fundamentally

Summarize the four major pieces of legislation collectively known as the Antitrust laws Essay Example for Free

Summarize the four major pieces of legislation collectively known as the Antitrust laws Essay United States antitrust law is a collection of federal and state government laws, which regulates the conduct and organization of business corporations, generally to promote fair competition for the benefit of consumers. The four major pieces of legislation known as the Antitrust Laws include: The Sherman Act, The Clayton Antitrust Act, The Federal Trade Commission, and the Celler-Kefauver Act. The Sherman Act was created in 1890 had two major provisions which was to prohibit conspiracies to restrain trade and also to outlaw monopolization. In 1914 the Clayton Act was passed to expand off of the Sherman Act. The Clayton Act strengthened the Sherman Act in several ways: price discrimination, typing contracts, acquisition, and interlocking directorates. In 1914, the Federal Trade Commission Act (FTC) was created to enforce antitrust laws and the Clayton Act in particular. The FTC investigates unfair competitive practices and when appropriate issues cease-and desist orders. In 1950 the Celler-Kefauver Act was created to close the loophole the was left available from the Clayton Act’s Section 7. This clause was put in place to stop a firm from acquiring stocks in a competitive firm in order to merge. The Celler-Kefauver Act closed that loophole in order to prevent any firm from reducing the competition. (McConnell 375) B. Discuss the intended purpose of industrial regulation as it applies to the following market structures: An oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers. An oligopoly has the ability to determine its own price and output. (McConnell 164) Industrial regulation is used to reduce the market power of monopolies. It’s also used to reduce the market power of oligopolies, prevent collusion and increase market competition. A pure monopoly is a market structure in which only one firm is the sole seller. The purpose of industrial regulation in regards to monopolies is clearly to protect the public from price gauging and companies controlling demand. Since monopolies have no competition they have complete control over pricing and production. (McConnell 195) C. Explain the major functions of the three primary federal and state regulatory commissions that govern industrial regulation. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission or FERC (1930) is an independent agency that regulates the interstate transmission of natural gas, electricity, oil pipelines, and water-powered sites. FERC also reviews proposals to build liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals and interstate natural gas pipelines as well as licensing hydro power projects. (2) The Federal Communication Commission or FCC (1934) regulates interstate and international communications by telephones, televisions, cable televisions, radios, telegraph, CB radios, and satellite in over 50 states. The FCC is directed by five commissioners who are appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the U. S Senate. (3) The State Public Utility Commissions is represented by NARUC which is responsible for utility services (electricity, gas telephones) in different states. (4) The reasoning behind the three is to control pricing so the public can benefit from the economies of scale that occur with monopolies and do so in a way that provides a fair return for those producers. Specifically, this intent is covered in the public interest theory of regulation which protects consumers from unfair pricing. D. Discuss the intended purpose of social regulation as it applies to all market structures. Social regulation deals with the broader impact of business on consumers, workers, environment and the third parties. Social regulation is concerned with the physical qualities of the goods produced, the conditions under which production occurs, and the impact of the production on society. Social regulation increases economic efficiency and societys well-being by: removing unsafe products, improving working conditions and safety, decreasing economic discrimination, and reducing pollution. One example is the Equal Opportunity Commission that enforces laws against workplace discrimination. Social Regulation intrudes into the day-to-day production process to a greater extent than industrial regulation. (McConnell 384) E. Explain the major functions of the five primary federal regulatory commissions that govern social regulation. Food and Drug Administration (1906) verifies safety and effectiveness of food, drugs, and cosmetics (1) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1964) exists to hire, promote, and discharge workers(1) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (1972) exists to ensure health and safety for workers(1) Environment Protection Agency (1972) exists to regulate noise pollution, air, and water-powered Consumer Product Safety Commission (1972) exists to protect the safety of consumer products(1)

Lufthansa Strategy Analysis

Lufthansa Strategy Analysis Lufthansa is one of the premier airlines of the world and one of the largest in Europe, in terms of the number of passengers carried by it. The flag carrier of Germany derives its name from Luft (the German word for air) and Hansa (the Hanseatic Trade Organization that was active in Northern Europe, during the medieval period). Headquartered in Cologne, the major hub of the airline is located at Frankfurt Airport, in Frankfurt am Main. The airline boasts of having the third largest passenger airline fleet in the world and consists of modern aircrafts. The airline is a founding member of Star Alliance, one of the leading airlines alliances in the world. Check out the article to know more about the profile and history of Lufthansa airlines. The generously sized and comfortable seats, the extensive range of entertainment: with the Lufthansa Product Showroom you can now get to know the benefits of our Economy Class on long-haul flights in more detail even before your flight. Take a virtual journey through our offer from booking, to our services at the airport and on board, right through to your arrival at our Frankfurt hub Comfortable seats On  short and medium-haul routes  youll enjoy plenty of room. In Economy Class, too, the slim construction of the seat backs provides greater leg room, making it easier for you to stretch your legs. On  long-haul routes  a seat cushion width of over 40 cm, as well as the individually adjustable headrests on every seat, ensure your comfort. When you tilt your seat back, the seat is raised, giving you optimal support Varied entertainment On long-haul flights, as well as reading our in-flight magazine you can enjoy our extensive In-flight Entertainment Programme during the flight.   Meals Drinks We offer you menus that suit your departure time and destination. The meals are rounded off by a wide selection of complimentary drinks.   On selected routes we will also serve you a movie snack during the In-flight Entertainment. Your in-flight entertainment programme in First and Business Class First and Business Class passengers enjoy a comprehensive entertainment programme with the extended Lufthansa Media World. The four categories: Watch Enjoy, Listen Relax, StudyPlay  and Fly Lufthansa  can be individually downloaded onto the screen at each seat: 65 video options with 30 cinema films in up to eight languages, 25 TV programmes and 10 music magazines from all over the world, 100 CDs, a variety of audio books, 30 radio programmes with numerous international channels, games of skill, action games and board and strategy games as well as language courses are readily available. In Business and First Class every passenger also receives the monthly Lufthansa media world programme listing. Marketing challenges arise because of the uniqueness Safety Cost Cleanliness Price Destination Strategies are adopted by your chosen company to deal with those challenges They are putting forward more and more innovative methods to preserve safety up-to-date Regarding cost they are trying to cut off their profit margin and working on low profit margin They are dealing it with the best and effective way that will flourish mind of customer with cleanliness in all perspectives According to price they should consider their brand name and they will maintain price according to that which will not affect their brand image Their run in only busy international routes How do marketers of your chosen service company deal with the demand and supply? Mismatch? During the time of recession the faces problem but as they are a big establishment they came out that and they wisely meet the needed and wants by implementing so many innovative ideas The service product mix of your chosen company They concentrate on only one product mix What are its product lines? They only focus on one product line because they only have one product line Its service brands They have only one brand its called Lufthansa they are concentrate on airlines Its pricing strategy They gave concession for regular travel and gave various discounts to them and gave attractive offer for them and they implement a greater way process out these pricing strategy The service product distributed Magazines Video advertisement Television ads Internet The target segment for the service products Manley focused Business class peoples Those who want luxurious travel experience who prefer more and more comfort The service products positioned Deutsche Lufthansa AG is an aviation company with operations worldwide. The Group operates in five business segments, which provide mobility and services for airlines. The business segments Passenger Airline Group, Logistics, MRO, IT Services and Catering each hold leading positions in their markets. In addition, the Lufthansa Group includes over 400 subsidiaries and associated companies. The strategic business segments Passenger Airline Group and Logistics provide mobility for passengers and freight. The airlines in the Lufthansa Group are positioned as quality carriers in their respective segments. In order to strengthen Lufthansas position still further, new partners from the European home market were added to the Group. Lufthansa Cargo is also a market leader in international airfreight. It offers a global network, shortest transport times and high quality standards in many, often highly specialised, product areas. Companys Marketing Communication Mix We guarantee high quality of our products and professional consulting services. Regular trainings of our staff ensure instant implementation of innovations and detailed knowledge of the product. We provide organisation and prepare all necessary components of your travel. The role of People in your chosen company They are the real king of these airlines because mostly it is an expensive airline without people they can work it out so people plays an important role in the fields of these .They make it more and more popular in case of every factor which support these . Process which involved in the service production They prefer good interaction with customers Good way of treating passengers They know how handle business class passenger They are well expertise in handling services in an proper way There way of welcoming is more attractive and mind bloging They introduce many new ideology to make service more better and effective  Physical Evidence is used by the company to compensate for the intangibility  of the service To ensure that passengers who are not German speakers and who are boarding or transferring at Frankfurt or Munich, can always find their way around the airport quickly, Lufthansa offers the Lufthansa Guide Service as well as the Lufthansa Family Service, which is designed to meet the needs of families travelling together. Lufthansa Guide Service: we speak your language Lufthansa offers a Guide Service to international passengers, business travellers, groups and passengers who may, for example, need help finding their way to a connecting flight at the airport or who would like an exclusive passenger chaperone service. They will be met by a special Lufthansa guide directly at their gate or at another rendezvous point and accompanied to their destination for example, to a connecting flight, train, hotel, shuttle bus or to the airport lounge. Lufthansa guides will always be on hand to answer your questions and in more than 50 languages. A charge is made for the Lufthansa Guide Service. Lufthansa Family Service: relaxed travel with the whole family Lufthansa Family ServiceThe Lufthansa guides from the Lufthansa Family Service ensure a relaxed start to a holiday by helping families, who are boarding or transferring at Frankfurt or Munich, to find their way around the airport.   Parents travelling alone with children, in particular, find this a huge help. For example, the guides take them to check-in, where they explain the security regulations, accompany them to their gate and, on landing, to baggage reclaim, but also to restaurants, hotels or car rental companies.   The Lufthansa Family Service is also very happy to help older members of the family. If the passenger can only walk slowly, the guides gauge the time needed to change flights or if required, accompany the elderly person to the chemist or to a seat.   The Lufthansa Family Guides are on hand with help and advice in more than 50 languages, making this service above all a helpful support to families from abroad World premiere at ITB: In-flight entertainment via Wi-Fi On-board entertainment is an important part of an airlines service for tourists and business travellers alike. At the ITB, Lufthansa Systems presents, its cost-efficient new in-flight entertainment (IFE) system which opens up a new world of opportunities for on-board communication. Condor will be the first airline to install on its Boeing 767 aircraft. The innovative infotainment system is based on a Wi-Fi network which passengers can log on to through seat-back screens or their own laptops, tablet PCs, smart phones or other Wi-Fi-enabled devices to access a wide range of video and audio on demand, games and other content. Also makes it possible for airlines to offer new forms of customer communication, information and services. New services can generate additional revenues for airlines, and airlines can also customize their contact with each passenger. In-flight entertainment is an important part of the travel experience and a way to stand out from the competition, particularly in the tourism industry; said Rainer Krà ¶pke, Head of Project Management and Marketing at Condor GmbH. opens up entirely new possibilities for us. In addition, the system costs much less to install and operate than other solutions. Unlike conventional IFE systems, Board Connect does not need to be wired into every seat. The cabin of a Boeing 767, for example, will only need five access points which are connected to a central server. The system is much easier to install because there is no wiring required. It can be integrated during a regular maintenance check, so theres no need for extra downtime, said Dr. Jà ¶rg Liebe, CIO of Lufthansa Systems AG. Board Connect is also very reliable and gives airlines maximum flexibility as regards cabin rearrangement, the integration of new technologies and the development of new services. The elimination of wiring and data distribution hardware can lead to weight savings of nearly half a ton for a Boeing 767-300. This reduces annual fuel consumption by around 20 tonnes per aircraft. To create this pioneering IFE solution, Lufthansa Systems drew on its experience with the Mobile Infotainment System which it developed for cruise ships. The technology behind Board Connect is not restricted to the aviation industry; it can also be used on other forms of public transportation, such as trains, buses and ferries. On aircraft equipped with broadband Internet access, passengers can also surf the Web, send and receive e-mail and interact with friends on social networks. Airlines can also provide individual passengers with information about their connecting flights or offers tailored personally to them. Conclusion Airlines are the fastest way of transportation now a days there come so many airline industry to these field but whatever come till know Lufthansa is the 1st place so try to keep up that place safely

Introduction To Dc Dc Converter Engineering Essay

Introduction To Dc Dc Converter Engineering Essay ABSTRACT A bidirectional dc-dc converter is used for dc-dc power conversion applications. The power converter includes two full bridge converters This Bidirectional dc-dc converter is best for electrical vehicle applications. A bidirectional, isolated topology is proposed in consideration of the differing fuel cell characteristics from traditional chemical-power battery and safety requirements. The topology proposed in the paper has advantages of simple circuit with soft switching implementation without additional devices, high efficiency and simple control. INTRODUCTION TO DC-DC CONVERTER: DC-DC converters are devices which change one level of direct current/ voltage to another (either higher or lower) level. They are primarily of use in battery-powered appliances and machines which possess numerous sub circuits, each requiring different levels of voltages. A DC-DC converter enables such equipment to be powered by batteries of a single level of voltage, preventing the need to use numerous batteries with varying voltages to power each individual component.   1.1. BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER Fig. 1: schematic for buck-boost converter With continuous conduction for the Buck-Boost converter Vx =Vin when the transistor is ON. When the transistor is OFF the inductor in trying to maintain the current in the same direction reverses its polarity as a result of which the diode is forward biased and Vx =Vo. For zero net current change over a period the average voltage across the inductor is zero. Fig. 9: Waveforms for buck-boost converter Vin ton + Vo toff = 0 which gives the voltage ratio and the corresponding current Since the duty ratio D is between 0 and 1 the output voltage can vary between lower or higher than the input voltage in magnitude. The negative sign indicates a reversal of sense of the output voltage.   CONVERTER COMPARISON The voltage ratios achievable by the DC-DC converters is summarised in Fig. 10.We can notice that only the buck converter shows a linear relationship between the control (duty ratio) and output voltage. The buck-boost can reduce or increase the voltage ratio with unit gain for a duty ratio of 50%. Fig. 10: Comparison of Voltage ratio 1.3 BI-DIRECTIONAL DC-TO-DC CONVERTER A DC-DC converter which can be operated alternately as a step-up converter in a first direction of energy flow and as a step-down converter in a second direction of energy flow is disclosed. Potential isolation between the low-voltage side and the high-voltage side of the converter is achieved by a magnetic compound unit, which has not only a transformer function but also an energy storage function. The converter operates as a push-pull converter in both directions of energy flow. The DC-DC converter can be used for example in motor vehicles with an electric drive fed by fuel cells. A bi-directional converter for converting voltage bi-directionally between a high voltage bus and a low voltage bus, comprising a switching converter connected across the high voltage bus, the switching converter comprising first and second switching modules connected in series across the high voltage bus, a switched node disposed between the switching modules being coupled to an inductor, the inductor connected to a first capacitor, the connection between the inductor and the first capacitor comprising a mid-voltage bus, the first and second switching modules being controllable so that the switching converter can be operated as a buck converter or a boost converter depending upon the direction of conversion from the high voltage bus to the low voltage bus or vice versa; the mid-voltage bus being coupled to a first full bridge switching circuit comprising two pairs of series connected switches with switched nodes between each of the pairs of switches being connected across a first wi nding of a transformer having a preset turns ratio; and a second full bridge switching circuit comprising two pairs of series connected switches with switched nodes between each of the pairs of switches being connected across a second winding of the transformer, the second full bridge switching circuit being coupled to a second capacitor comprising a low voltage node. 1.3.3 WORKING OF DC-DC Converters In its simplest form, a DC-DC converter simply uses resistors as needed to break up the flow of incoming energy this is called linear conversion. However, linear conversion is a wasteful process which unnecessarily dissipates energy and can lead to overheating. A more complex, but more efficient, manner of DC-DC conversion is switched-mode conversion, which operates by storing power, switching off the flow of current, and restoring it as needed to provide a steadily modulated flow of electricity corresponding to the circuits requirements. This is far less wasteful than linear conversion, saving up to 95% of otherwise wasted energy. 1.3.2 BIDIRECTIONAL DC-DC CONVERTERS TOPOLOGIES There are many circuit topologies for bidirectional dc-dc converter. Some of them are Non isolated (Without transformer): Full bridge bidirectional dc-dc converter (shown in fig) Half bridge bidirectional dc-dc converter II. Isolated (with transformer): Full bridge bidirectional dc-dc converter ( shown in fig) Half bridge bidirectional dc-dc converter 1.3 NON-ISOLATED BIDIRECTIONAL DC-DC CONVERTER: Fig2: Full bridge bidirectional dc-dc converter Fig 17 shows a basic circuit diagram of a full bridge bidirectional DC-DC converter. It has interleaved operation for both boost and buck modes It has smaller passive components It has less battery ripple current 1.3.2.2 ISOLATED BIDIRECTIONAL DC-DC CONVERTER (PROPOSED CONVERTER): Fig18: lv-side current source and hv-side voltage source Fig 18 shows the circuit diagram of an Isolated DC-DC converter. This converter has the following features Simple voltage clamp circuit implementation Simple transformer winding structure and low turns ratio High choke ripple frequency (2fs) Start up problem will be present in this circuit 1.4 SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCHING: Semi conductor switching are of two types. They are 1. Hard Switching 2. Soft Switching 1.4.2 SOFT SWITCHING More recently, new power conversion topologies have been developed which dramatically reduce the power dissipated by With soft switching techniques, reduction in wasted power will often improve the efficiency of a unit by more than 2%. While this does not sound significant, it can account for a saving of more than 20 W in a 1000 W power supply. This 20 W is power that would have been dissipated by the main power transistors, the most critical and most heavily stressed semi-conductors in any switch mode power supply. Reducing the power here lowers their junction temperature, giving increased thermal operating margins and, hence, a longer life for the power supply. Not only does a soft switching power supply generate significantly less electrical noise, it achieves greater efficiency, longer mean time between failures (MTBF), and higher immunity to the effects of other equipment operating nearby. It is desirable for power converters to have high efficiencies and high power densities. Packaging and cost limitations require that the converter have a small physical size and weight. Power density and electrical performance are dependent on the switching frequency as it determines the values of the reactive components in the converter. Thus, high frequency operation of the converter is highly desired. However, operation at high frequency results in higher switching losses and higher switching stresses caused by the circuit parasitics (stray inductance, junction capacitance). The circuit topology of the proposed bidirectional isolated converter is shown in Fig. According to the power  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow directions, there are two operation modes for the proposed converter. When power  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ows from the low-voltage side (LVS) to the high-voltage side (HVS), the circuit operates in boost mode to draw energy from the battery. In the other power  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow direction, the circuit operates in buck mode to recharge the battery from the high-voltage dc bus. Based on the symbols and signal polarities introduced in Fig. 2, the theoretical waveforms of the two operation modes are shown in Fig. (a) and (b), respectively. Fig42: Theoretical waveform under (a) boost and (b) buck operation Boost Mode (Discharging Mode) Operation When the dc bus voltage in the HVS is not at the desired high level, such as during a cold start, the power drawn from the low-voltage battery flows into the high-voltage dc bus. During this mode, the proposed converter is operated as a current-fed circuit to boost the HVS bus voltage. The LVS switches Q1, Q4 and Q2, Q3 operate at asymmetrical duty ratios and 1- which require a short overlapping conduction interval. Referring to the equivalent circuits for the boost mode operation in Fig. 43, the detailed operating principle can be explained as follows. Although the LVS switches subject to higher voltage stress, this is an advantage because the battery voltage is low. Because the overlapping interval for the LVS switches Q1, Q4 and Q2, Q3 is very short, the LVS transformer current flows through only one LVS switch at most time. Thus, the conduction losses for Q1, Q4 and Q2, Q4 can be greatly reduced to improve the conversion efficiency. Moreover, the LVS circuit produces a relatively ripple free battery current that is desirable for the low voltage battery. The voltage transfer ratio Mboost for the boost mode operation for the proposed dc-dc converter can be derived from the volt-second balance condition across the inductor L1 represented by (7). The current stresses of the inductor windings can be also determined as (6).The inductances of the power inductor L1 can be determined for their given peak-to-peak current ripples, ΆI1 Where ÃŽÂ » (%) is the ripple percentage of the inductor currents IL1 B. Buck Mode (Charging Mode) Operation Different from the traditional electric vehicle driving system, the fuel cell powered system needs an additional energy storage device to absorb the feedback power from the electric machine. This energy storage device may be a lead-acid battery as shown in Fig44 . The proposed circuit works in buck mode to recharge the battery from high-voltage dc bus. During this mode, the proposed converter is operated as an asymmetrical half bridge circuit with synchronous rectification current doubler to recharge the battery from high-voltage dc bus. The HVS switches Q5, Q8 and Q6, Q7 operate at asymmetrical duty ratios and 1- which require short and well-defined dead time between the conduction intervals. Referring to the equivalent circuits in Fig. , the detailed operating principle of this mode can be explained as follows. Fig44: modes of operation in buck mode While the LVS switches, Q1, Q4 and Q2, Q3, share unequal voltage and current stresses, the HVS switches, Q5, Q8 and Q6, Q7, share equal voltage stresses as (8). Then the current stresses of the HVS switches can be found as DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR KEY COMPONENTS To verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme, a 2-kW laboratory prototype operated at 20 kHz was built. The simulation and experimental results will be shown and discussed in the next section. The LVS of the design example was connected to a 12-V lead-acid battery whose terminal voltage could swing from 10-15 V. The nominal voltage on the HVS dc bus was designed to 300 V, with an operating range from 150-400 V. The design considerations Based on (5), the turn-ratio selection of transformer can be calculated as (15). The HVS device ratings can then be calculated using (8)-(10) as follows: B. Power Inductors Let the peak-to-peak current ripples be 20% of the inductor currents under full power. The current rating and the inductance of the power inductor L1 can be determined using (6)- (7) as follows: Because of the ripple cancellation on the battery current, a larger ripple current in inductor L1 and can be allowed in practical applications. Thus, the inductance and the size of the inductors L1 might be smaller. To verify the theoretical operating principles, a 2-kW design example was simulated by using MATLAB. There is a good agreement between the simulation results and theoretical analysis. In this research, a 2-kW laboratory prototype was implemented and tested to evaluate the performance of the proposed bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter.. The ripple cancellation between two inductor currents can be observed. This is desirable for a low-voltage battery. 7.1 BOOST OPERATION FOR BIDIRECTIONAL DC-DC CONVERTER CONVENTIONAL CIRCUIT FOR BOOST MODE 7.3 RESULTANT WAVE FORM: 7.3.1 BOOST OPERATION Input and Output waveform: Fig 48 CONVENTIONAL CIRCUIT FOR BUCK MODE Fig47 7.4 RESULTANT WAVEFORM FOR BUCK OPERATION : Input and Output voltage waveform Fig 49 Proposed Bidirectional DC-DC converter Input and Output Voltage Waveforms: Fig50 Fig 51 Inductor Current Waveforms: Fig52 CONCLUSION A soft-switched isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter has been implemented in this paper. The operation, analysis, features and design consideration were illustrated. Simulation and experimental results for the 45W, 20 kHz prototype was shown as per principle. It is shown that ZVS in either direction of power flow is achieved with no lossy components involved As results, advantages of the new circuit including ZVS with full load range, decreased device count, high efficiency (measured more than 94% at rated power), and low cost as well as less control and accessory power needs, make the proposed converter very promising for medium power applications with high power density.

Beethoven :: essays research papers

It has been called the greatest audio entity one could ever listen to; a song which can pierce the soul of even the most dedicated music-hater: Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony. Not only has it been designated thus; also, as one of the few truly divinely inspired works, one which most men can only marvel at, as they wallow in their appropriate humility. These creations, however, are definitely not the only aspects of entities beyond the scopes of men; there are far more examples, which are seen every day, but often overlooked. I was walking outside, with this song echoing in the recesses of my mind, on a dismal, overcast day in the Autumnal quarter, a day when where the streets blended with the atmosphere, when one could hardly look up without feeling the singe of the wind against one’s face. To me, these days have always conjured up images of some distant, looming storm, some silent tempest which, if not otherwise distracted will soon wreak mayhem and disaster on my environs. This day had an intense air about it, as do others of its ilk. This is most likely the fault of the storm under which it is shadowed, as though it and its inhabitants are uneasy and harrowed about the imminent predator waiting overhead to pounce. As the sky overhead swam with deeper and deeper shades of gray and hopeless black, the song in my mind was reaching some vocal crescendo in the fourth movement, a better foreteller of the gale I could not imagine. While the winds bullied and tormented the defenseless neighborhood, I started for my house. Unexpectedly, as the crescendo was losing speed, a quiet, pacific violin entered the musical fray in my brain, and the entire mood of the symphony mellowed, the winds themselves pacified, seemingly under Ludwig’s fickle dominion. Thinking the storm had passed, I continued blissfully onward to the meadows which were my destination. Again I was assaulted, this time by a different part of the symphony; not too long after the first chorale. This was the startling and almost fearful, but still uplifting, part in which the female and male vocals collided like two huge tidal waves with the power to splinter a fleet of ships with the German Alle Menschen repeated several times. Upon this onslaught of euphony, I turned from whatever I might have been thinking before, and looked at some violently twisting and rising leaves and other debris, and gazed at the playful heavens, again ominous. Annoyed with Beethoven and the cruel elements, I stood there, unmoving; indecisive, not knowing whether to turn around or pursue my present course, I felt the excited chorale still striking

William Wordsworth’s The Daffodils compared to Miracle on St Davids Da

William Wordsworth’s The Daffodils compared to Gillian Clarke’s Miracle on St David's Day In this essay I will attempt to compare two very contrasting poems, William Wordsworth’s `The Daffodils' which was written in pre 1900s and Gillian Clarke’s ‘Miracle on St David's Day’, written in the 20th century. Strangely enough Gillian Clarke’s ‘Miracle on St David's day’ was actually inspired by ‘The Daffodils’. In 1804 William Wordsworth wrote ‘a masterpiece’, two years after his experience with the daffodils, while the poem â€Å"Miracle on St. David’s Day† was written by Gillian Clarke around 1980, one hundred and seventy-six years later. Wordsworth was born on 7 April 1770 in Cockermouth, Cumberland, and raised around the mountains of Cumberland around the River Derwent. It was here that he would have been in ‘pure communication’ with nature and this was probably the inspiration for most of his poems. Gillian Clarke was born in Wales in 1937. Her parents spoke only Welsh but she learned to speak English as well as Welsh and currently lives in Tallgarreg, Wales, where she breeds sheep with her architect husband, daughter and two sons. The poems have many differences and similarities. I plan to write about some of them in this essay. The poems are set in two different places. ‘The Daffodils’ was written when Wordsworth was out walking on his own, in Gowbarrow Park, by the River Ullswater – which was obviously outside. ‘Miracle on St. David’s Day was written in a mental institution – an indoor setting. This has an effect on the way each poem is written. Both are written about the human mind, memory and imagination, and I think that writing about these subjects would have been quite hard to do. Both poems ca... ...hem his spirit is immediately lifted, and he feels ‘gay’. This conveys that the sight of the daffodils was magnificent, and this is why I adore this poem so much, I almost feel jealous of Wordsworth for two reasons – one for his being there to witness the daffodils and also because he has an extremely talented writing ability always at his fingertips. Clarke’s poem is not as good as Wordsworth’s, although she does describe the event very well, and the poem is superbly written, but in my opinion, Wordsworth has written a better poem, one which is renowned the world over. I say that I prefer Wordsworth’s poem as he writes about a more uplifting theme, and this gives Wordsworth the edge. Clarke’s poem is not as uplifting as Wordsworth’s. I think that he has used the perfect words to describe his perfect feelings, and that is how I describe his perfect poem.

Kanthapura, a Cultural Study

Kanthapura as a novel of village or rural sensibility: Raja rao’s Kanthapura is a tale of atypical south Indian village in the kara area of Mysore. The novel is a saga of village life with a political bias. There is no conventional hero or heroine in it. The village of Kanthapura itself; with its presiding deity Kanchamma, with its live giving river Himavath, with its rustic topography, crops, weeds and diseases, with its characteristics, superstitions and customs is one of the main character.The people of the village with Moorthy as the Gandhi man of the village, under whose leadership the villagers of her non-violent resistance, take up the work of village uplift. In depicting Kanthapura, the novelist has presented to us a real India in microcosm. What happens in Kanthapura is what happens everywhere in India, particularly in rural India. That Kanthapura is novel of village life is evident from its topographical details. The novel opens with a graphic description of the phys ical features of Kanthapura.In the beautiful valley of the river Himavathy, the village lies curled up like a child on its mother’s lap. As the novel opens we here the grinding and rumbling of carts, indicating the busy agrarian life. The hills, valleys and rivers which form the setting of the village, are most vividly depicted. Raja Rao has an eye for the details of nature’s phenomena which he presents with vividness. It’s said of Thomas Hardy by David Cecil that he could realise the different noises made by the wind when its blows through a hollow a heather and bare stones.Raja Rao, too, is unique in his precise yet poetic depiction of the outdoor rural life. In the month of Vaisakh men of Kanthapura plough the fields. The rains come and skip over the bronze mountain, tiptoe the crags, and leaping into the valley go splashing. The coconuts and the betel nuts and cardamom plants choke with it and hiss back. And there, there it comes over the Bebbur hill and Kan thur hill and begins to paw upon the tiles, and the cattle come running home. The people pray to Kenchamma, â€Å"There, there the rains have come, Kenchamma; may our house be as white as silver†.In the Kartik festival of lights, lights glow from banana trunks and mango tweaks behind yellow leaves, greens leaves: ‘Kartik is a month of the Gods’. In scenes like this, rural life in all its concreteness gives the novel its essential rurality. The novelist describes the caste wise quarters for Brahmins, Pariahs, Porters, Weavers and Sudras. The economic distinctions between one villager and another are precisely described. Post master SuryaNarayana has a two storied house, Patwari Nanjundaa has put glass panes to the windows. Pock-marked Sidda has a real thoti house.Thus the persons who stand out among the men and women of the village are the moneyed people like Kamayya, a coffee planter and Range Gowda. Even a casual glancing through the names and nick names of the Kanthapurians is a thing of great interest. The villagers wear tell-tale nicknames. The names contribute greatly to the individualisation of the village character and places to the evocation of proper rural sensibility. The untouchable quarters, full of the stench of the hide and pickled pigs where Moorthy dare to step in for the uplift of the village people are also described.The dramatist persona in the novel includes a good number of villagers. They work as coolies on the coffee estates and are poor. The harrowing (suffering) tale of the half-naked, starving, spitting, weeping coolies is touchingly told in the coffee estate episode. The villagers are not depicted as epitomes of virtue nor are they condemned as useless creatures. They are as they usually are. Their character evokes the rural atmosphere in the novel. Their life is not complete without the perennial presence of God or Goddess. Goddess Kanchamma is installed in a temple right in its centre.A river a hill and a temple with the presiding deity complete the picture of the village. The villagers offer the Goddess their first rice and first fruit of a tree; they appease her by singing song. The Goddess is the protector, the life and the breath of the village. She gives meaning to every activity of the villager and is a witness to all affairs in the village – birth, death, marriage, funeral, sickness, ploughing and harvesting – and what not. Vows are made to her. Oaths are taken in her presence. She protects the villagers through though famine and diseases.Except Goddess Kanchamma, there are also often local Goddesses like Talassanamma and Kanthapureshwari mentioned in the novel. Even their jurisdictions are fixed. Religion has a firm hold on the villagers’ mind. The villagers observe Shankar Jayanti and listen to the recital of Harikathas and celebrate the festival of Lord Krishna and Lord Ganesha. The evocation of village life is accomplished apart from the inter relation of th eme and characters, through means like description of festivals, ceremonies, social customs, superstitions and the apt use of rustic idioms.Various ceremonies and rituals such as hair- cutting, rice-eating, wedding, consecration and the seventh month ceremony finds a place in the novel. The novel shows how the villagers cling (hold tightly) to their age-old faiths for succour and relief. Beliefs and superstitions govern the sensitive minds of the Kanthapurians. There is a scene in which the treasures of core are counted as â€Å"Three-Hm-Four-Hm –Five† and because of the superstition which forbids the mention of six, it becomes, â€Å"God’s extra†.Moorthy’s horoscope doesn’t agree with that of the daughter of Ramayya and hence the bride’s family get disheartened. The clucking of the wall-lizards indicate propitiousness, auspiciousness. On seeing a shooting star seeping across the sky, the villagers say: †Some good soul has left the earth†. When someone has been attacked by Malaria, they used to do some rituals instead of taking quinine pills believing that those rituals will eradicate the disease.Before filling the earth the â€Å"peasants throw handfuls of puffed rice in the eight directions for warding off evil and for a good harvest†. Again it’s through the use of the rustic idiom a flavour of rurality is captured. The idiom and rhythm of the regional language are sometimes reflected in their novel. There are similes, comparisons and vituperative (harsh/abusive) terms which smell of the agrarian soil and culturet. Fine and detailed agrarian imagery is seen in many descriptions throughout the novel.

Documentary: Waiting for Superman Essay

The concept of education as a vital part of life and success is universal, regardless of how it is done. Unfortunately, regardless of its importance in society, the education system does not always accomplish its goals. The documentary, Waiting for Superman, was an excellent illustration of the large problems we face here in America. From our disappointing comparisons of education in the US compared to other countries, and the system of the government (impoverished neighborhoods, poor and failing education institutions) is a crisis that should be addressed and brought to public attention. Although there have been countless attempts to reform education, increase budgets, and implement new programs, the education system in the U.S. is not doing its job entirely and as effective as society needs it to be to foster the future generations. The film is alarming to the sad truth: there are teachers out there who don’t care about what they do. There are teachers who use the contract that they signed into to take advantage of their role, and not do what they signed up to do. This was alarming especially being aware of real life examples and videos that were caught on tape of how teachers use their classroom time. Even more alarming the results of school testing that illustrates a clear image- schools are not producing what they should, and education system in institutions are not working! It does not take a genius to realize that something has to change. â€Å"You can’t have a great school without great teachers† is a beautiful quote mentioned in the film. Although government officials have sought out to reform education by providing funds or special programs, the real problem is finding effective and passionate teachers who truly seek to make a difference in the world by giving the gift of knowledge. If the system can effectively evaluate its teachers worldwide, and rid of teachers who are not doing an adequate job or benefitting the students or institution, they should no be teaching. Time is precious, especially time in the classroom and hopes for a new age of education system is possible. If there are more great teachers in our school systems, the US may have a brighter future. If there are qualified and effective schools, the children of America would not have to fight for a spot to receive education we all deserve. It is a shame that the system has  come to do this, change must come.

Merseyside Essay

This case involves the dilemma between two mutually exclusive projects that Victoria Chemicals wants to proceed with, but can only choose one earning them 7% increase in polypropylene output per plant. The two proposals will be proposed by the plant managers and evaluated according to corporate criteria. They are to be evaluated on four credentials; Net present value, IRR, payback, and growth in EPS. However the two proposals are fairly different. The Rotterdam projects calls for the expenditure of 10. 5 million GBP spread over three years, firmly committing Victoria Chemicals to the new process technology. The Merseyside project calls for 12 million GBP for renovations, retaining the flexibility to later add the technology in the future. The question is which project should the company take on based on the financial calculations including the company decision criteria. Rotterdam Proposal The Rotterdam proposal consisted of a 90 page document with strategic analyses, and financial projections. The basic discounted cash flow (DCF) shows the project having a positive NPV of 11 million GBP with a IRR of 15. 4%. The initial invest spread over 3 years would help convert the plants polymerization line from batch to continuous-flow technology and to install sophisticated state-of-the-art process controls throughout the operations. This process has already been installed in several other production facilities in Japan and the improvements in cost and output had been positive on average. This proposal consists of 90 pages and already is giving a hint. In this proposal there can be a lot of bogus information which cant lead to false and misleading predictions. It can be looked at as very sketch as to why it seems to be the â€Å"better† proposal. In essence, the Rotterdam proposal seeks to accomplish their goals by having the option to purchase the pipeline for GBP3. 5 million in initial capital investment for overhauling the plant, having a value of 6 million GBP which can be later sold 15 years later for approx.. 40 million GBP. This violates the stand-alone principle. Subsequently, the plan calls for spending another GBP5 million in 2001, GBP1 million for 2002, and another GBP1 million for 2003. Total investments are roughly GBP10. 5 million, spread out in 3 years. These initial investment figures have a negative impact on the firm’s finances, affecting a series of other factors, which raise concerns among board of directors and executives. One major concern is that in the financial associated with this project they include 40 Million GBP from the selling of sale of the right-of-way pipeline in there cash flows in year 15 when in fact this is not substantial cash flow directly associated with the project. Some senior Victoria Chemicals executives firmly agreeing with this speculation saying â€Å"Our business is chemicals, not land speculation. Simply buying the right-of-way with the intention of reselling it for a profit takes us beyond our expertise. Who knows when we could sell it, and for how much? How distracting would this little side venture be for the executive committee? This then can affect the NPV as well as the IRR. The proposal also doesn’t account for the 3 percent inflation that is expected which also can change the estimates of gross profit also affecting the free cash flows for this project. As a result of these loses in output the first three years (from 2001-2003), there is also a reduction in gross profit. The report shows loses of -7. 79 GBP for 2001, -GPB5. 73 for 2002, and –GBP3. 40 for 2003 caused from the initial investment of 10. 5. The total loses amount to a staggering –GBP16. 92, a substantial amount for the firm during these first three years of upgrades and preparation for the new technology. These loses have a direct impact in sales figures, noticeably, thus creating a longer payback period for this project around 11 years, meaning that the project is a bit more risky considering a given 10 percent discount rate. I also noticed that this project seems to have the higher NPV of 14. 87 when they factor in the 40 million GBP from the sale of the pipeline in 15 years. Without that it then falls under the other proposal and is not the preferred project and has a lower NPV of 5. 29. Merseyside Proposal The Merseyside proposal consisted of a 12 million GBP expenditure creating significant opportunities for improvement in polypropylene production. Other opportunities stemmed from correcting the antiquated plant design in ways that would save energy and improve the process flow: relocating and modernizing tank-car unloading areas, which would enable the process flow to be streamlined, refurbishing the polymerization tank to achieve higher pressures and thus greater throughput, and renovating the compounding plant to increase extrusion throughput and obtain energy savings. No question that Morris’ plan is the more conservative of the two, suggesting a phased-in approach to the upgrades. In essence, Merseyside sees the need to make some technological upgrades as well. They want to slowly upgrade to the new controls system, and after a few years, make the full switch to the new software. In all, this 12 million GBP proposal retained the flexibility to add the technology in the future. The entire renovation would cause the plant to be down for 45 days causing the customers to go to other suppliers and competitors for the needed products due to the fact the other nearby plant (Rotterdam) is already working at maximum capacity. Some benefits of the renovations would be the improvement on gross margin up 1 % from 11. 5-12. 5. As you look at the financials associated with this project you notice that Merseyside met all the requirements for the corporate criteria with a greater NPV that Rotterdam when they do not include the 40 million sale of the pipeline. They also include and take inflation into account when giving their proposals as well. The initial investment is a bit more that Rotterdam but essentially the payback period is lower with only around 4. 1 years. This means this proposal is less risky then the other, both assuring the expected return of 7%. However there is a crossover rate at 15. 2 meaning with the discount rate at 15. there is no proposal that is preferred to one another if Rotterdam includes the 40 Million. Without the 40 million Merseyside project will always be preferred to Rotterdam because the NPV will always be greater. According to the case and my calculations I have come to the conclusion that it is best to accept the Merseyside project and reject the Rotterdam. Based on many financials and the corporate criteria Merseyside seems to be the best option. While evaluating both proposals I noticed that the Rotterdam project purchases a right-of-way pipeline for 3. 5 million included in the 10. million GBP investment to later sell in 15 years for 40 million GBP violating the standalone principle. However being that they are not in this type of business and are in the plastic manufacturing industry producing a wide variety of products; including medical supplies, carpet fibers, and automobile components, they should not account for the sale which would then put the NPV for this project from 14. 87 to 5. 29, which is then lower then the NPV for Merseyside which is 9. 12. When comparing mutually exclusive projects you want to focus on NPV and the project with the higher NPV is usually preferred to the oth er like in this case. Also when making my decision to choose Merseyside I noticed there was a smaller payback period meaning it will take a shorter time to recover your initial investment proving that the project can be less risky as well. I was also a little sketched out when the plant manager for Rotterdam presented a 90-page proposal. This can mean the managers put in a lot of false and misleading info to get the project approved. This can rest my case as to why I would prefer to choose the Merseyside project to the Rotterdam.

I Miss your Beauty and Vibes Essay

â€Å"A Mixed Tex-Cal marriage,† an article written by the author Jose Burciaga, Texan, tells us about his new life after getting married to a Californian woman, Cecilia. At first, the author tells that he thought that he and his wife have common ideas and beliefs because they were both Chicanos. Then, he shows that he was surprised when he noticed the different customs and ideas he and his wife have because they were from different grounds. They lived for a couple of years in Washington, DC and Alexandra, Virginia, then, they settled in California near the beaches and the soft weather. The writer argues that Texas Chicanos are more attached with their traditions than Californian Chicanos who show more Americanization. After some years, he grew to like California food and drink, but still missed the weather and the smell of Texas. From Burciaga s’ article, I can understand what he went through to get used to Californian traditions. Like him, I also miss my native land. Despite the beauty and extra opportunities in Chicago, my heart still aches for Oran. Oran is a wonderful city located in the northwest of Algeria, known for its beautiful beaches and food. Chicago to me is one of the most beautiful cities in the world, with its beautiful tall buildings, green spices. However, Burciaga was satisfied with the weather of California, like he says,† I am totally spoiled and laid-back in Northern Califias†, In contrast it was hard for me in getting used to the cold weather of Chicago. In fact, the difference between Oran and Chicago is evident in weather, beauty, movement and food. First, the weather of Oran is often beautiful and mild. In autumn, when we are on our way to school, the wind blows softly and rapidly as if its spirit is pushing me to be on time. When going back home at 12 pm for lunch the weather is warm, the sun sparkles, the birds sing, we’d think spring has already come. However, most of the autumn nights were horrible because the wind blew strongly; it sounds like bad spirits are trying to unlock the windows. By the winter the rain fell mostly at night, the buildings seem freshly washed and the roads are already dried in the mornings but the weather is cold. Stepping to March, the gardens and forests become green and full of flowers. Once May is over, the summer is already there. The weather is warm but not stifling and the sea at the beaches is sparkling and full of life with many swimmers. This is in contrast to Chicago where the weather is often unacceptable. In the winter, when I am outside, I am afraid that I will lose feeling in my legs when the freezing sensation emerges from the soft snow. Autumn in Chicago is a lovely, pale, orange view with the golden leaves covering the streets. It is disappointing when most of springy days are cloudy and rainy. Fortunately, we can see the mild warm weather during summer in Chicago. Second, Oran is a small, pretty city full of life. From a distance you can see the long green balcony along the city center next to the short pretty buildings engraved from top to bottom. Going through the city center, cafes are already full and active at 9 am and the roads are busy with the noisy cars. I lived in Bir El Djir, a quiet neighborhood 28 Km far from the city center. Bir El Dgir is a luxury neighborhood full of villas. From the window of our kitchen, I could see our beautiful garden and our neighbors’ gardens too, I could also overhear their conversations and shouting. I felt always happy and full of life in this lively environment. It is quite different in Chicago, a big wonderful city with more stillness. Downtown Chicago is a wide stretch of tall buildings, we notice any clutter or cracks in the roads, every building and road is shiny and neat, the luxurious clothes and furniture are apparent from the stores’ wide show cases. Tourists hang their shopping bags; they seem fascinated by the beauty of Chicago. Third,Oran is a city of Haute Cuisine. Along all the big avenues of Oran, the savory sweet smell of pastry travels from the bakeries. Approaching a bakery, our eyes are stunned with the colorful cookies. In front of the showcase, we can’t choose between the attractive pieces of pastry. I remember one of the soft chocolate pastries I once picked, covered with frothy cream; as much as I describe it can tell how it really tastes. Unlike Chicago, the land of immigration, where restaurants offer many food traditions. For example, I have been once in Us’mania , an Indian restaurant, where I tasted Biryani, a tasty spicy rice with chicken. Also, we go often to Pita Inn, a Lebanese restaurant where we like to order Shawarma, a thin long piece of grilled chicken, salad and tomato twisted in a thin bred. I am glad to discover many foreign traditions; I feel that I have visited many countries. In conclusion, Chicago is very cold in the winter, but I appreciate the magical time of snow falling. When skating in the ice rink, I feel like flying in the air. Downtown Chicago, is a magnificent place that i dream to visit every day; however, I always think about the lively activity of Oran and miss the savory pizza and dishes.